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New York - Wikipedia. State of New York. Nickname(s): The Empire State. Motto(s): Excelsior(Latin). Senators. Chuck Schumer (D)Kirsten Gillibrand (D)U. S. House delegation.
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New York is a state in the Northeastern United States and is the 2. U. S. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border in the Atlantic Ocean with Rhode Island, east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the west and north. The state of New York, with an estimated 1. Two- thirds of the state's population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 4. Long Island. The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian- speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York.
The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade and proselytizing. In 1. 60. 9, the region was claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch, who built Fort Nassau in 1. Hudson and Mohawk rivers, where the present- day capital of Albany later developed. The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley, establishing the colony of New Netherland, a multicultural community from its earliest days and a center of trade and immigration. The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1.
The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present- day state. Many landmarks in New York are well known to both international and domestic visitors, with New York State hosting four of the world's ten most- visited tourist attractions in 2.
Times Square, Central Park, Niagara Falls (shared with Ontario), and Grand Central Terminal. On April 1. 7, 1.
Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the Strait now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita, in honor of the King of France's sister. Verrazzano described it as .
This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats. He landed on the tip of Manhattan and perhaps on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazanno's stay in this place was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Martha's Vineyard. In 1. 61. 4, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, which they called Fort Nassau. Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present- day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse. Located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary .
Sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 1. The first of these trading posts were Fort Nassau (1. Albany); Fort Orange (1.
Hudson River just south of the current city of Albany and created to replace Fort Nassau), developing into settlement Beverwijck (1. Albany; Fort Amsterdam (1. New Amsterdam which is present- day New York City); and Esopus, (1. Kingston). The success of the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck (1. Albany and lasted until the mid- 1.
The English captured the colony during the Second Anglo- Dutch War and governed it as the Province of New York. The city of New York was recaptured by the Dutch in 1. Third Anglo- Dutch War (1. It was returned to the English under the terms of the Treaty of Westminster a year later. The Stamp Act Congress met in the city on October 1. Thirteen Colonies who set the stage for the Continental Congress to follow. The Stamp Act Congress resulted in the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which was the first written expression by representatives of the Americans of many of the rights and complaints later expressed in the United States Declaration of Independence.
This included the right to representative government. At the same time, with strong trading between Britain and the United States on both business and personal levels many New York residents were Loyalists. The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga provided the cannon and gunpowder necessary to force a British withdrawal from the Siege of Boston in 1. New York was the only colony to not vote for independence, as the delegates were not authorized to do so. New York then endorsed the Declaration of Independence on July 9, 1. It was not submitted to the people for ratification. On July 3. 0, 1. 77.
George Clinton was inaugurated as the first Governor of New York at Kingston. About one- third of the battles of the American Revolutionary War took place in New York; the first major battle after U.
S. Battle of Brooklyn) in August 1. After their victory, the British occupied New York City, making it their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the focus of General George Washington's intelligence network. On the notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay, more American combatants died of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war, combined. Both sides of combatants lost more soldiers to disease than to outright wounds. The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1.
France to ally with the revolutionaries. The state constitution was enacted in 1.
New York became the 1. United States Constitution, on July 2. In an attempt to retain their sovereignty and remain an independent nation positioned between the new United States and British North America, four of the Iroquois Nations fought on the side of the British; only the Oneida and their dependents, the Tuscarora, allied themselves with the Americans. They resettled in Canada after the war and were given land grants by the Crown. In the treaty settlement, the British ceded most Indian lands to the new United States. Because New York made treaty with the Iroquois without getting Congressional approval, some of the land purchases have been subject to land claim suits since the late 2. New York put up more than 5 million acres (2.
Iroquois territory for sale in the years after the Revolutionary War, leading to rapid development in upstate New York. That organization was found to be insufficient, and prominent New Yorker Alexander Hamilton advocated a new government that would include an executive, national courts, and the power to tax.
Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention (1. Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the United States Constitution, in which he also took part. The new government was to be a strong federal national government to replace the relatively weaker confederation of individual states.
Following heated debate, which included the publication of the now quintessential constitutional interpretation. Hamilton's revival of the heavily indebted United States economy after the war and the creation of a national bank significantly contributed to New York City becoming the financial center of the new nation. Both the Dutch and the British imported African slaves as laborers to the city and colony; New York had the second- highest population of slaves after Charleston, SC. Slavery was extensive in New York City and some agricultural areas. The state passed a law for the gradual abolition of slavery soon after the Revolutionary War, but the last slave in New York was not freed until 1. Transportation in western New York was by expensive wagons on muddy roads before canals opened up the rich farm lands to long- distance traffic.
Governor De. Witt Clinton promoted the Erie Canal that connected New York City to the Great Lakes, by the Hudson River, the new canal, and the rivers and lakes. Work commenced in 1. Erie Canal opened in 1. Packet boats pulled by horses on tow paths traveled slowly over the canal carrying passengers and freight.
It was an engineering marvel which opened up vast areas of New York to commerce and settlement. It enabled Great Lakes port cities such as Buffalo and Rochester to grow and prosper. It also connected the burgeoning agricultural production of the Midwest and shipping on the Great Lakes, with the port of New York City. Improving transportation, it enabled additional population migration to territories west of New York. After 1. 85. 0, railroads largely replaced the canal. Nearly half of the state's exports were related to cotton.
Southern cotton factors, planters and bankers visited so often that they had favorite hotels. Upstate, and New York City, gave strong support for the American Civil War In terms of finances, volunteer soldiers, and supplies. The state provided more than 3. Union armies. Over 5.
New Yorkers died in service, roughly one of every seven who served. However, Irish draft riots in 1.
Over 8 million immigrants passed through these doors. In the United States, the federal government did not assume direct jurisdiction for immigration until 1. Prior to this time, the matter was delegated to the individual states, then via contract between the states and the federal government. Most immigrants to New York would disembark at the bustling docks along the Hudson and East Rivers, in the eventual Lower Manhattan.
On May 4, 1. 84. 7 the New York State Legislature created the Board of Commissioners of Immigration to regulate immigration. The first immigrants to arrive at the new depot were aboard three ships that had just been released from quarantine. Castle Garden served as New York's immigrant depot until it closed on April 1. During that period, more than 8 million immigrants passed through its doors (two out of every three U.
S. Already federally controlled, the island had served as an ammunition depot.